Heat Pump COP & Savings Calculator
Compare heat pump efficiency and annual heating costs against natural gas, propane, oil, or electric resistance heating.
System Parameters
COPactual = η × Thot / (Thot - Tcold) | η = 0.40 (air), 0.50 (ground)
Actual COP
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HP Annual Cost
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Current Fuel Cost
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Annual Savings
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Additional Details
Carnot COP
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HP Install Cost
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Payback (Years)
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Annual BTU
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COP vs. Outdoor Temperature
How this was calculated
Carnot COP: T_hot(K) / (T_hot(K) - T_cold(K)). Temperatures converted from F to Kelvin.
Actual COP: Carnot COP * efficiency factor (0.40 for air-source, 0.50 for ground-source). Clamped to minimum 1.0.
Fuel efficiencies: Gas furnace 95%, propane 90%, oil 85%, electric resistance 100%.
Fuel energy content: Gas 100,000 BTU/therm, propane 91,500 BTU/gal, oil 138,500 BTU/gal.
Install cost estimate: ~$15,000 for air-source, ~$25,000 for ground-source.
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Book a free strategy call →Understanding Heat Pump Efficiency
A heat pump moves heat from a cold source to a warm space, achieving efficiencies well above 100% because it transfers heat rather than generating it. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) measures how many units of heat are delivered per unit of electricity consumed. A COP of 3.0 means 3 kWh of heat for every 1 kWh of electricity. COP decreases as the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor increases, which is why ground-source heat pumps (which draw from a stable ground temperature) maintain higher efficiency in extreme cold.
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